debian12 虚拟机安装 + 博客相册恢复

debian12 虚拟机安装 + 博客相册恢复

sound_kanade Lv1
  2024-10-30 00:12 2024-10-30 00:12 Created   2025-01-22 14:43:14 2025-01-22 14:43:14 Updated    

1. 博客相册挂了

原来的虚拟机寄了，博客相册跑在上面，跟着寄了，重新整一个

2. 镜像下载

https://cdimage.debian.org/debian-cd/current/amd64/iso-dvd/

3. 创建虚拟机


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4. debian12 系统安装































5. 连接 debian 虚拟机


ip地址

修改配置

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su root
nano /etc/ssh/sshd_conf

允许 root 登录

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PermitRootLogin yes

使修改生效

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systemctl restart sshd


登录测试

6. 修改密码

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passwd

7. 时区

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# 检查时区
timedatectl status

# 设置时区
sudo timedatectl set-timezone Asia/Shanghai

|500

8. 常用 apt、zsh 配置

修改 apt 源
https://gist.github.com/hakerdefo/5e1f51fa93ff37871b9ff738b05ba30f 

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cat > /etc/apt/sources.list << EOF
deb https://ftp.debian.org/debian/ bookworm contrib main non-free non-free-firmware
# deb-src https://ftp.debian.org/debian/ bookworm contrib main non-free non-free-firmware

deb https://ftp.debian.org/debian/ bookworm-updates contrib main non-free non-free-firmware
# deb-src https://ftp.debian.org/debian/ bookworm-updates contrib main non-free non-free-firmware

deb https://ftp.debian.org/debian/ bookworm-proposed-updates contrib main non-free non-free-firmware
# deb-src https://ftp.debian.org/debian/ bookworm-proposed-updates contrib main non-free non-free-firmware

deb https://ftp.debian.org/debian/ bookworm-backports contrib main non-free non-free-firmware
# deb-src https://ftp.debian.org/debian/ bookworm-backports contrib main non-free non-free-firmware

deb https://security.debian.org/debian-security/ bookworm-security contrib main non-free non-free-firmware
# deb-src https://security.debian.org/debian-security/ bookworm-security contrib main non-free non-free-firmware
EOF

或者使用清华源
https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/help/debian/ 

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cat > /etc/apt/sources.list << EOF
# 默认注释了源码镜像以提高 apt update 速度，如有需要可自行取消注释
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian/ bookworm main contrib non-free non-free-firmware
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian/ bookworm main contrib non-free non-free-firmware

deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian/ bookworm-updates main contrib non-free non-free-firmware
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian/ bookworm-updates main contrib non-free non-free-firmware

deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian/ bookworm-backports main contrib non-free non-free-firmware
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian/ bookworm-backports main contrib non-free non-free-firmware

# 以下安全更新软件源包含了官方源与镜像站配置，如有需要可自行修改注释切换
deb https://security.debian.org/debian-security bookworm-security main contrib non-free non-free-firmware
# deb-src https://security.debian.org/debian-security bookworm-security main contrib non-free non-free-firmware
EOF

更新
注：如果网络无法连到 debian 镜像源，导致 apt 更新慢，可以使用代理访问；操作参考 http://blog.megumiai.com/2024/10/21/deploy/服务器代理方法/#2-1-全局环境变量

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export ALL_PROXY="http://localhost:7890"
export HTTP_PROXY="http://localhost:7890"
export HTTPS_PROXY="http://localhost:7890"
export FTP_PROXY="http://localhost:7890"
export SOCKS_PROXY="http://localhost:7890"
export all_proxy="http://localhost:7890"
export http_proxy="http://localhost:7890"
export https_proxy="http://localhost:7890"
export ftp_proxy="http://localhost:7890"
export socks_proxy="http://localhost:7890"

apt update
apt upgrade -y

安装软件

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apt install curl vim wget zsh git net-tools tree btop \
gnupg dpkg apt-transport-https lsb-release ca-certificates neovim ufw lrzsz zip -y

# 使用 zsh
chsh -s /bin/zsh

# 安装 oh-my-zsh
sh -c "$(curl -fsSL https://install.ohmyz.sh/)"

# 安装 powerlevel10k 主题
git clone --depth=1 https://gitee.com/romkatv/powerlevel10k.git ${ZSH_CUSTOM:-$HOME/.oh-my-zsh/custom}/themes/powerlevel10k

# 安装 zsh-syntax-highlighting 插件
git clone https://github.com/zsh-users/zsh-syntax-highlighting.git ${ZSH_CUSTOM:-~/.oh-my-zsh/custom}/plugins/zsh-syntax-highlighting

# 启用上述插件、主题
vim ~/.zshrc
plugins=(git zsh-syntax-highlighting extract z)
ZSH_THEME="powerlevel10k/powerlevel10k"
source ~/.zshrc

# 其他配置
# ~/.zshrc 中配置（部分终端软件，依赖这个配置，达到跟随到命令所在目录的效果）：
precmd () { echo -n "\x1b]1337;CurrentDir=$(pwd)\x07" }

# 常用 alias
dni() {
    docker network inspect "$1" | jq '.[0] | {Name:.Name, Id:.Id, Driver:.Driver, IPAM:.IPAM.Config, Containers:.Containers, Options:.Options}'
}
alias cl='clear'
alias l='ls -rhtla'
alias dps='docker ps --format "table{{.ID}}\t{{.Names}}\t{{.Status}}\t{{.Ports}}"'
alias nts='nginx -t && nginx -s reload'
alias nf='neofetch'
alias dis='docker images'
alias tss='tailscale status'
alias ts='tailscale'
alias ff='fastfetch'
alias dnl='docker network ls'
alias dlf='docker logs -f'
proxyon () {
  export ALL_PROXY="http://localhost:7890"
  export HTTP_PROXY="http://localhost:7890"
  export HTTPS_PROXY="http://localhost:7890"
  export FTP_PROXY="http://localhost:7890"
  export SOCKS_PROXY="http://localhost:7890"
  export all_proxy="http://localhost:7890"
  export http_proxy="http://localhost:7890"
  export https_proxy="http://localhost:7890"
  export ftp_proxy="http://localhost:7890"
  export socks_proxy="http://localhost:7890"
  echo export ALL_PROXY="http://localhost:7890"
  echo export HTTP_PROXY="http://localhost:7890"
  echo export HTTPS_PROXY="http://localhost:7890"
  echo export FTP_PROXY="http://localhost:7890"
  echo export SOCKS_PROXY="http://localhost:7890"
  echo export all_proxy="http://localhost:7890"
  echo export http_proxy="http://localhost:7890"
  echo export https_proxy="http://localhost:7890"
  echo export ftp_proxy="http://localhost:7890"
  echo export socks_proxy="http://localhost:7890"
}
proxyoff () {
  unset ALL_PROXY
  unset HTTP_PROXY
  unset HTTPS_PROXY
  unset FTP_PROXY
  unset SOCKS_PROXY
  unset all_proxy
  unset http_proxy
  unset https_proxy
  unset ftp_proxy
  unset socks_proxy
  echo unset ALL_PROXY
  echo unset HTTP_PROXY
  echo unset HTTPS_PROXY
  echo unset FTP_PROXY
  echo unset SOCKS_PROXY
  echo unset all_proxy
  echo unset http_proxy
  echo unset https_proxy
  echo unset ftp_proxy
  echo unset socks_proxy
}
proxyecho () {
  echo ALL_PROXY="$ALL_PROXY"
  echo HTTP_PROXY="$HTTP_PROXY"
  echo HTTPS_PROXY="$HTTPS_PROXY"
  echo FTP_PROXY="$FTP_PROXY"
  echo SOCKS_PROXY="$SOCKS_PROXY"
  echo all_proxy="$all_proxy"
  echo http_proxy="$http_proxy"
  echo https_proxy="$https_proxy"
  echo ftp_proxy="$ftp_proxy"
  echo socks_proxy="$socks_proxy"
}

9. 安装 docker

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# 加入 Docker 的 GPG 公钥和 apt 源（国内清华源）
curl -sS https://download.docker.com/linux/debian/gpg | gpg --dearmor > /usr/share/keyrings/docker-ce.gpg
echo "deb [arch=$(dpkg --print-architecture) signed-by=/usr/share/keyrings/docker-ce.gpg] https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/docker-ce/linux/debian $(lsb_release -sc) stable" > /etc/apt/sources.list.d/docker.list

# 更新并安装
apt update
apt install docker-ce docker-ce-cli containerd.io docker-compose-plugin -y

# 检查
docker version
docker compose version

10. 安装 alist

官方手册： https://alist.nn.ci/zh/guide/install/docker.html#docker-compose 

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mkdir -p /opt/alist
cd /opt/alist

vim docker-compose.yml

version: '3.3'
services:
    alist:
        image: 'xhofe/alist:latest'
        container_name: alist
        volumes:
            - './data:/opt/alist/data'
            - '/etc/localtime:/etc/localtime:ro'
        ports:
            - '5244:5244'
        environment:
            - PUID=0
            - PGID=0
            - UMASK=022
        restart: unless-stopped

# 启动
docker compose up -d

注：如果镜像拉不下来，要配置 dockerd 代理，可以参考 服务器代理方法 2.2.2 docker
默认用户名 admin
初始密码查看 docker 日志，有打印

添加存储

存储

访客可见目录配置


开无痕窗口测试一下访客查看的效果，成功

11. rathole 代理 alist

rathole github 

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# 创建目录
mkdir -p /opt/rathole
cd /opt/rathole

# 下载
curl -LO https://github.com/rapiz1/rathole/releases/download/v0.5.0/rathole-x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu.zip

# 解压
x rathole-x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu.zip

# 客户端配置文件（内容下附）
vim client.toml

# systemd 管理（内容下附）
vim /etc/systemd/system/rathole.service

# systemd 生效
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl enable rathole.service
systemctl start rathole.service
systemctl status rathole.service

客户端 rathole.service 内容

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[Unit]
Description=Rathole Server
After=network.target

[Service]
ExecStart=/opt/rathole/rathole /opt/rathole/client.toml
Restart=on-failure

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

client.toml 内容

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# client.toml
[client]
remote_addr = "服务器ip:11111"  # 远程服务器地址和长连接端口

[client.services.my-alist]
token = "my_token"
local_addr = "localhost:5244"

server.toml 内容

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# server.toml
[server]
bind_addr = "0.0.0.0:11111" # 长连接端口

[server.services.my-alist]
token = "my_token"
bind_addr = "0.0.0.0:22222"

nginx.conf 内容

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# photos.megumiai.com 的 HTTPS 配置
server {
	listen 443 ssl;
	server_name photos.megumiai.com;

	ssl_certificate /etc/nginx/ssl/megumiai.com.crt;
	ssl_certificate_key /etc/nginx/ssl/megumiai.com.key;

	location / {
		proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
		proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Proto $scheme;
		proxy_set_header Host $http_host;
		proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
		proxy_redirect off;
		proxy_pass http://localhost:22222;
		client_max_body_size 20000m;
	}
}

测试

完成 ✅

  • Title: debian12 虚拟机安装 + 博客相册恢复
  • Author: sound_kanade
  • Created at : 2024-10-30 00:12:00
  • Updated at : 2025-01-22 14:43:14
  • Link: https://blog.megumiai.com/deploy/debian12_vmware_blog_photos_recovery.html
  • License: This work is licensed under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0.
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On this page
debian12 虚拟机安装 + 博客相册恢复
  1. 1. 博客相册挂了
  2. 2. 镜像下载
  3. 3. 创建虚拟机
  4. 4. debian12 系统安装
  5. 5. 连接 debian 虚拟机
  6. 6. 修改密码
  7. 7. 时区
  8. 8. 常用 apt、zsh 配置
  9. 9. 安装 docker
  10. 10. 安装 alist
  11. 11. rathole 代理 alist